Introduction to Management
Management
It is a set of activities (including planning and decision making, organizing, leading and controlling) directed at an organization’s resources (human, financial, physical and information) with the aim of achieving organization goals in an efficient and effective manner.
The basic issues
Ø As managers, people carry out the managerial functions
Ø Management applies to any kind of organization
Ø It applies to managers at all organizational levels
Ø The aim of all manager is the same: to create a surplus
Ø Managing is concerned with productivity
The functions of management
- Planning and decision making
Ø Setting an organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them
Ø Part of the planning process that involves selecting a course of action from a set of alternatives
2. Organizing -- Determine how activities
and resources are to be grouped
3. Staffing – It involves filing and keeping filled,
the positions in the organization structure.
4. Leading/Directing – The set of processes
used to get people to work together to advance
the interests of the organization
5. Controlling – Monitoring organizational
progress toward goal attainment
Management Level
- First–level management – Managers who are responsible for the work of operating employees only and do not supervise other managers
- Middle Management –They are responsible for other managers and sometimes for some operating employees; they also report to more senior managers.
- Top Management – Managers establish operating policies and guide the organization’s interaction with its environment
Managerial Role
| 1.Interpersonal |
| Figurehead Attempting ribbon –cutting ceremony for new plant |
| Leader Encouraging employee to improve productivity |
| Liaison Coordinating activities of two project groups |
| 2.Informational |
| Monitor Scanning industry reports to stay abreast of development |
| Disseminator Sending memos outlining new organizational initiatives |
| Spokesperson Making a speech to discuss growth plans |
| 3. Decisional |
| Entrepreneur Developing new ideas for innovation |
| Disturbance Handler Resolving conflict between two subordinates |
| Resource Allocator Reviewing and revising budget request |
| Negotiator Reaching agreement with a key supplier or labor union |
Efficiency
The ability to minimize the use of resources in achieving organizational objectives “doing things right”
Effectiveness
The ability to determine appropriate objectives “doing the right thing”
Administration and Management
A system whereby public or private enterprises conduct their business. Administration is concerned with planning, programming and evaluation. Along with administration there must be consideration of management, which as a part of administration, is a rational technique enabling administrators to fully develop their human, technical and financial resources. The term administration is often used to denote broad policy and the term "management" to be the execution of such policy and a matter of subordinate concern.
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